A Working Community – Ellen Goodman

Goodman cites from her word reference that geologically a network is characterized as a â€Å"body of individuals who live in one place† and that in the past we â€Å"were individuals from regions or wards or school districts.†Perhaps if individuals in the past were asked what â€Å"a community† was to them, this would be the definition they would give. Throughout the years nonetheless, individuals have been progressively investing more energy in their work environment instead of in their home.Goodman brings up that in today’s social orders a significant number of us just utilize the network where we live †our home †so as to rest. Networks are turning out to be increasingly a gathering of individuals who become more acquainted with one another and cooperate normally. They assemble around an idea or shared objective or intrigue. As opposed to having a place with a network in which we live, we progressively make â€Å"a feeling of belonging† in the work environment †inside the network where we get ourselves the greater part of the time.2.â Goodman likewise calls attention to that not just has our â€Å"sense of network †¦ moved from office house to office building† however that â€Å"the marks we wear interface us with the members† and that â€Å"we accept we have something in common† with them. In current society this thought of allocating marks to oneself as well as other people is turning out to be more evident.People do this since they need to feel a feeling of having a place, a feeling that they share things for all intents and purpose with others. An issue not referenced in Goodman’s article in any case, is that in addition to the fact that we assign marks in the working environment, yet we will in general depict the vast majority by doling out names. These marks regularly contain presumptions, which thusly become stereotypes3. As indicated by Goodman, similarly that we hav e â€Å"replaced our neighborhoods with the workplace,† we have supplanted our â€Å"ethnic character with proficient identity.†She proceeds to express that the most clear â€Å"realignment of community† is in the â€Å"mobile professions.† In today’s society numerous experts are required to move from city to city so as to satisfy their work. They can â€Å"put establishes down in their profession† as opposed to in their place of living arrangement (private network). This escalates the move from home networks to working environment networks and the feeling of recognizing oneself as far as calling as opposed to self.4. Goodman starts her article by giving a couple of situations of individuals she knows and how they have a place with various networks. Most perusers would have the option to connect with someone or some network, so by doing this she is laying the right foundation for her perusers; she is engaging their feeling of having a place from the beginning and including them sincerely from the beginning.In actuality, she keeps on doing this all through the article, particularly by utilizing the main individual plural pronoun â€Å"we†. She does be that as it may, endeavor to objectively engage her perusers by introducing numerous situations and guides to help her contentions however she gives no genuine realities or figures in support.Her models should be reached out to give genuine models as opposed to constantly alluding to issues when all is said in done terms. She makes reference to analysts asking Americans what they like best about work however again just when all is said in done terms; she doesn’t give any genuine proof of what Americans say.Ethically, she gives off an impression of being educated and sensible and she absolutely attempts to set up shared view with her perusers yet she misses the mark in not giving any thought of contradicting views.5.â â€Å"Bi-social collision† as talk ed about by Nhu in â€Å"Becoming American in a Constant Cultural Collision† is like a â€Å"loss of community,† in that the two of them allude to a development of individuals †a realignment starting with one â€Å"sense of belonging† then onto the next.

Your reality is the mirror of your thoughts free essay sample

Our world is an impression of our internal pith. In any case, we some of the time would prefer not to understand this and we reprimand the individuals who cause bother and disappointment. It is important to see every single such issue that we can't transform ourselves without evolving ourselves. Keep in mind, you can't admonish a mirror in the event that we don't care for the appearance in it. You simply need to change yourself with the goal that the reflection changes and gives you how delightful and astonishing you are. Despite the fact that this isn't simple, our squares and restrictions forestall us, as long as we battle them and would prefer not to take them, our best tips in life.When something pesters us, we would prefer not to acknowledge it or we need to change the world so it coordinates our convictions. Be that as it may, this is incomprehensible and it isn't in our capacity to alter the entire world for ourselves, we can just acknowledge it with appreciation since all individuals and the world reserve the option to be w hat they are. We will compose a custom exposition test on Your world is the reflection of your contemplations or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Furthermore, we also have the full option to act naturally, not changing in accordance with somebody elses assessment. Numerous ladies and young ladies experience the ill effects of the way that the appearance isn't the equivalent and the work isn't what your family members and encompassing individuals anticipate. We fabricate our own inside obstructions and square our substance from progress and bliss, and above all from love.If you choose to begin a business and inside you accept that it is a fruitless beginning, it won’t succeed. On the off chance that you keep rehashing similar musings in your brain, at that point certainly you won’t succeed in light of the fact that you won’t even make a decent attempt to accomplish it. It is critical to keep yourself positive in light of the fact that no one but it can take you to the success.To change the reflection, you have to change what is mirrored your cognizance. 1-If you need your children to regard you and be sure then first regard yourself and be confident.2-If you need cash raise at work environment at that point reveal to yourself that you are a genuine expert and accomplish your work well overall and you merit a raise.3-If your better half isn't giving a lot of consideration to you then don’t imagine that ‘all men change over time’ or ‘I am bad enough for him’ or some other negative musings. It won’t improve your connection, the circumstance will get worse.4-Believe in yourself is simply the most significant thing, on the off chance that you question yourself and your musings, at that point how might you accomplish any of your goals.There is a celebrated saying ‘be the change you need to find in the world.’ Keep yourself positive and break down yourself. Keep your encompassing with constructive individuals since vitality draws in vitality.

A Great Way to Compare and Contrast Essay Topics For College

A Great Way to Compare and Contrast Essay Topics For CollegeWhen it comes to the way you prepare for the SAT or ACT, one of the best ways to compare and contrast essay topics for college is to write several essays and then answer them all. After writing a few essays, you will start to notice similarities and differences. One of the most important things to note when looking at essay topics for college is that they must be organized. This means that they should follow some sort of theme and should be somewhat written in an organized fashion.The theme of your essay topic should be something that you truly know and feel strongly about. It will also be something that will appeal to a wide audience. However, you must also be certain that you do not get too caught up in the topic, and that you do not compromise on the quality of your writing.One of the best ways to compare and contrast essay topics for college is to check out what other students are doing. There are lots of online resource s that you can use to help you with this task. You will be able to see what students are discussing in online forums, you will be able to get to know what students have said in school or online, and you will be able to find out what other students have actually written.It is not hard to find online forums where you can learn about topics that are related to your own. Some people even post questions on these forums and encourage people to offer their opinions and comments on the topic. Another great resource for researching and comparing essay topics for college is what you will find when you Google 'college essay topics'.You will be able to find quite a few different essay topics for college if you are prepared to search. However, you will want to ensure that you do not get overwhelmed by the amount of material you will have to learn and compare. Ifyou do not do enough comparison and check-ups, you may come across a list of topics that are almost identical to others.This is an excel lent way to give yourself a headache. You need to find an essay topic that is completely unique and that you truly enjoy writing. Having said that, it is also important to remember that every topic is very different from one another.Just as in high school essay topics, you will want to be sure that you do not end up with a theme that is so common it will seem like a theme. Make sure that you do your homework well and are prepared to understand and get things right before you set out to compare and contrast essay topics for college.

Comparing Fitzgeralds Great Gatsby and Eliots The Love...

The Great Gatsby and Love Song of Alfred J. Prufrock nbsp; So often, it seems, life can seem like a patient etherized on the table (Eliot, 3). Be it the apparent futility of existence as a whole, or the insecurity of those single moments of doubt; life is often fleeting. I believe life is best described as a fickle beast, always elusive; always turning down some new and unexpected road. This fleeting life is what both Jay Gatsby of nbsp;The Great Gatsby and Alfred J. Prufrock of Love Song of Alfred J. Prufrock experience. These two men experiences move down remarkably similar paths as they quest for love and life. Yet each has sealed their shared fate in a different manner. As they head toward the seeming abyss of death, both†¦show more content†¦Speaking to himself, Prufrock says, Would it have been worth while, To have bitten off the matter with a smile, to have squeezed the universe into a ball, To roll it towards some overwhelming question (Eliot, 91). Prufrock sums up his desire to have done something more with his life, but as before it is too late for he is approaching fast his end. Where Prufrock looks back Gatsby looks forward. He dreams and would have had a happy life; except that he dreamt of perfection, something that could never be. In Daisy does Gatsby see his perfect dream and she comes to represent it entirely, At his lips touch she blossomed for him like a flower and the incarnation was complete (Fitzgerald, 117). She was the whole of his goal and his single purpose for living, but he could not have her. Prufrock never dreamed at all, Gatsby dreamed but never did the dream stand to succeed. Both men seem to themselves to be failures, to have wasted life. nbsp; If the life of Prufrock and Gatsby differ; their deaths are nearly identical. After their unique failures, both men stand on the edge of deaths doorstep and prepare to unhappily move in. Prufrock has decided upon the futility of all women, or at least to him they are futile. Gatsby is destroyed by a single woman for whom he built his life. Prufrock openly accepts his fate, sliding into his death. Nick suspects that Gatsby didnt believe it would come and perhaps he no longer cared (Fitzgerald, 169). Speaking ofShow MoreRelated Comparing Fitzgeralds Great Gatsby and Eliots The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock1134 Words   |  5 PagesFitzgeralds Great Gatsby and Eliots The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock   Ã‚   The Roaring Twenties bring to mind a generation of endless partying, which reflected very little of the morals of the generations preceding it. The world, for that generation, was fast-paced and thoroughly material, crowded with bizarre and colorful characters like David Belasco and Arnold Rothstein. Inspired by this eras spiritually exhausted people (Brians), F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby and T. SRead MoreAnimation of a Statue2268 Words   |  9 PagesNothing gives one person so great advantage over another, as to remain always cool and unruffled under all circumstances. -- Thomas Jefferson The Roaring 20’s are often viewed as an era of reverie and true American spirit. But, like the Gilded Age, the exuberance was superficial and fleeting. In revealing the progression of Jordan Baker’s character through the motif of her complex demeanor, F. Scott Fitzgerald illuminates the theme of authenticity in The Great Gatsby. Presenting Ms. Baker’s image

My Sons Story By Nadine Gordimer Themes and issues in...

Throughout her career, the South African novelist Nadine Gordimer has wanted to explore the terrain where personal interests, desires and ambitions encounter (and, not rarely, contend with) the demands and trials of a politically active life. She has had a keen eye for the exceedingly precarious moral situation of her own kind - the privileged white intelligentsia that abhors apartheid, detests the exploitation of 25 million unfranchised, economically vulnerable citizens at the hands of five million people who, so far, have had a powerful modern army at their disposal, not to mention the wealth of a vigorous, advanced capitalist society. To oppose the assumptions and everyday reality of a particular world, yet be among the men and women†¦show more content†¦For Aila, his wife, for Baby, their daughter and first child, for Will, named after Shakespeare (how do some of us jaded folk, schooled for years, ever recapture the innocence and heartfelt sincerity of such a parental decision?), Sonny, the low-paid, earnest, hard-working civil servant and educator, once had an almost infinite supply of concern and affection. He attended them in every way - a sturdy householder, no matter the constant, terrible shadow of apartheid. But gradually Sonny got connected to his peoples political struggle, an exceedingly dangerous one in a country whose ruling class for decades ruthlessly punished any and all activist dissent: a democracy for a white minority, a harsh totalitarian regime for a black majority. Gradually, too, he found less and less time for his family. He shows up now and then, but hurriedly leaves. To call upon a well-known biblical polarity, he is trying to gain a whole new world for others, yet his own familys world, maybe his soul, too, are in grave jeopardy. Sonnys political ascent is a major topic for the novels one narrator (who is obviously horrified by apartheid and anxious to see it ended, and is struggling to find the self-respect that goes with a principled observers persistent dissent). It is this narrator who gives us a rather conventional, well-told account of a familys ups and downs, its transition from social and emotional ordinariness to a

Human relations in business free essay sample

The Human Relations class has helped me in my life because it is a very important tool for personal and professional development of human beings. Human Relation Skills has helped me to improve interpersonal relations, as they play a key role in developing the whole person. Through relationships, Ive reached an important social reinforcement of the immediate surroundings that have helped me to my adaptation. Ill describe the general themes about the importance of human relationships that have helped me gain a better development in my daily life. First of all, in the context of human relationships, communication skills play an important role because it is through communication that I could create and I maintain all types of relationships such as family, friends, and social. To achieve the development of my relationships has been necessary to study and understand the importance of human relationships in order to make communication a necessary tool for me and especially to develop strong relationships that benefit my skills to all of the people that surround me. We will write a custom essay sample on Human relations in business or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page On the other hand, through the human relations class I was taught to help strengthen my goals, taking the opportunity to create win win situations, and achieving what I really want, and taking in consideration the goals and needs of the people are around me. I have worked for my familys business with them for several years; since I was young I always grew up in a hard-working environment. Sometime working with family can create some major issues and it has been pretty good for the most part but since IVe had this class Im trying to help them with their human relation skills and communication skills. You need to have a mutual respect for one another, ecause if they dont respect you and you respect them, the end results are going to end up in some type of hostile work environment because peoples feelings could get hurt and could let to self-esteem issues. But if they have some weaknesses in an area, which IVe experienced a lot because someone might do the Job better than the other person it could lower the self-confidence level because they dont think theyre as good as the other person. But usually in my family workplace we always try and make sure everyone has a high level of self-confidence so that way we all get along nd better work will probably be performed. Efficiency*** Human Relations Skills are more important today than ever because todays problems make workplace survival an even greater challenge; increased workplace competition, rise of dual-career family, divorce rate, and problem of two generations of dependents. All of these increase personal stress and complicate issues in Human Relations. When youre around friends, family, or co-workers there may always be people you come across with self-esteem issues and they may not even realize it. It can be ncouraged or damaged very early in life. I try to recognize and help people that I notice around me in any environment and encourage them to look in the mirror and tell them that they love their selves and to like yourself more and more every day to life experiences and challenges they may encounter. It is the core of most issues in human relations. I try to teach others, as well as to remind myself, that you should always feel like youre a worthy, great, wonderful person inside and out to higher their self-esteem. Having low self-esteem can make the person youre around epressed, have anxiety, and mental health issues. No matter what any of my friends or family (co-workers), and classmates goes through I always try to assess the situation their going through and bring up positive/ happy thoughts (self-efficacy), and try to tell them to keep their head held high and know your being the absolute best you can be to yourself and others. Because these attributes directly, affect your performance and whatever goals you are trying to achieve. I always tell them you have to love yourself before you can truly feel self-confidence, self-esteem, and self nd mutual respect to get through your life with a positive outlook on what you can do or what you can become. IVe also had a friend that I had class with that had issues with self-awareness and self-disclosure. I always told her not to worry about what others are thinking of her and to Just be you and relax. Unless, people that she said anything to take it the wrong way and had a wrong impression of what she really meant and didnt comprehend the message she was trying to convey. Being misunderstood is very frustrating and a major reason this class is so important, not only in your personal ife but in the business community as well. If they did take it the wrong way, I told her to self-disclose yourself to them and tell them what youre really thinking and feeling and more than likely they will like you and understand the place that youre coming from was not what they were thinking that you meant, it would give them a perception of who you really are which would pertain to self-disclosure. Self- disclosure builds trust in relationships and people feel like they can trust you and open up to you and others once that level of trust is built. Whenever I do anything in my life I was try to be a motivator and mentor to others to do well and be a dream chaser. You have to have a motivation, drive, and passion for what youre doing or youre never going to be as happy as you could be if you did reach your goals and dreams. Also, IVe learned to have a good self-concept and try to be the best I can be no matter what, such as being a good person, a good helper and motivator. I always tell my family, friends, co-workers to follow their dreams and dont let anything stop them because their always going to have some to regret if they never tried. I think I have a pretty high self-respect for always trying to be positive and always bringing light into dark situations, making sure they dont think theres nothing that they cant do as long as they set their mind to it, for myself and for my friends and family. While working with others in class and my family at work, IVe realized that you have to a group dynamic (the way in which a group operates) and that everybody should have to work together well and have mutual respect for each other and listen well to everybodys idea and learn from each other as well as have self-respect for hemselves so you can bring your positive attitude into the workplace or classroom self-esteem issues it could not only effect your self-esteem but others around you could be affected by it. In my environments, rather it may be at school, work, around friends or family theres always some things that you know about yourself and dont need to hide (open-pane) and that I feel comfortable letting others know some things that I dont mind to hide. Although, there are some things that I dont practically want others to know such as my feelings and information (hidden-pane) that I choose not o tell others but if their comes a point that I want to self-disclose these feelings and such, I might choose to open up to someone that I completely trust. I know from working and from my friends that I cant always see things the way they see them or that I cant even see at all but they can such as the blind pane. There are always things about me no one else can see not even myself such as the Unknown Pane. If I dont know these areas of weaknesses Ill never know what my falls are and once I know, I can work on them and make them better. My major is Business Management nd I assume employees must be ambitious and self-motivated and exercise self- control. I believe that employees enjoy their mental and physical work duties. They possess the ability for creative problem solving, but their talents are underused in most organizations. In, Theory Y, I believe that employees will learn to seek out and accept responsibility and to exercise self-control and self-direction in accomplishing objectives to which they are committed and will do well at working. I believe that the satisfaction of doing a good Job is a strong motivation. Many people interpret, Theory Y, as a positive set of beliefs about workers. I think that Theory Y managers are more likely than Theory X managers to develop the climate of trust with employees that are required for human resource development. Its human resource development that is a crucial aspect of any organization. It would include managers communicating openly with subordinates, minimizing the difference between superior-subordinate relationships, creating a comfortable environment in which subordinates can develop and use their abilities. This climate would be sharing of decision making so that ubordinates have say in decisions that influence them. Furthermore, I have learned through this class that Human Relation Skills will make or break you in the work and the everyday world. I am learning so much in this class and how to communicate with a positive attitude professionally and Just in everyday life. If you have a negative attitude people are going to Judge you and believe I know that the first impression you make in the work world is the most important. Even though you might not have tried to come off with negative attitude but you did: your future employer, friend, or amily member thinks you did you might not be able to have a second chance, under some circumstances, and lose what you were trying to do.

Mentor Carter - Movie Review free essay sample

Mentor Carter depends on a genuine story and is one of my most loved movies. Samuel L. Jackson plays Coach Ken Carter, a genuine mentor who wasnt your normal mentor. He indicated numerous characteristics of various styles of authority all through the motion picture. Toward the starting, he sees the group he takes an absolutist style of training them. A totalitarian training is the place a mentor has finish control over the group. Be that as it may, he was additionally an educator and guide for these young men. He instructed a secondary school b-ball group substantially more than simply ball aptitudes. He enables his players to defeat their unforgiving condition loaded with medications and posses so they can go after whats to come. Mentor Carter gave these young men a feeling of expectation in life that nobody at any point gave them. He likewise causes them concentrate on vital things like their training in a secondary school where the instructors arent exceptionally cooperatative. We will write a custom essay sample on Mentor Carter Movie Review or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page   When a few individuals from the undefeated group dont take after their agreement, and do inadequately in school, Coach shuts the rec center, scratchs off training and relinquishes recreations, which shock the guardians and group. To end the bolt out the colleagues must enhance their evaluations. I feel like that is an extremely brilliant activity in light of the fact that in the event that they cant keep their evaluations decent they dont have to do extracurricular exercises. For instance, as back in secondary school we had an extremely decent b-ball group however the mentor never truly was challenging for them toward the start about their evaluations yet before long he began influencing them to go to think about tables and they needed to invest a specific measure of energy there unless they wouldnt have the capacity to play for the first 50% of the amusement or the entire diversion

English Constitution Essays

English Constitution Essays English Constitution Essay English Constitution Essay The function of the tribunals and authorities in judicial reappraisal is to guarantee that Public governments act legitimately ; all such governments are capable to the regulation of jurisprudence and are non permitted to move ultra vires’ ( beyond their powers ) . The power that authorities has comes from powers granted to that authorization by legislative act or delegated statute law. The Human Rights Act 1988 ( HRA ) created an extra land s6 ( 1 ) doing it improper for public organic structures to move in manner that is incompatible with the European Convention on Human Rights. ( ECHR ) Since the 17th century. in the Case of Monopolies 1602 77 Erbium 1260 the tribunals have claimed the authorization to ask into the extent and bounds of the Crown’s common jurisprudence prerogative powers. Since 1700. the function of the tribunals in reexamining administrative and judicial determinations has been explained on the footing of the regulation of jurisprudence whereby any Act or determination was invalid because it was in breach of or unauthorised by the jurisprudence. or was beyond the range of the power given to the determination shaper by the jurisprudence ( Sunstein. 2001 ) . Restrictions of Judicial Review Judicial reappraisal is limited to the scrutiny of executive determination and determination made by authorities governments ; it is constitutional map of the High Court to guarantee that public organic structures and authorities do non move unlawfully. It acts non in order to give consequence to any private rights of the person who made the application but in order to carry through the function. It is the scrutiny of legal determination by public organic structure and it is non an entreaty whereby determination possibly substituted but reappraisal of that determination merely. Judicial reappraisal is merely concerned with the lawfulness and non with the virtues of determination. Attorney General V Fulham Corporation. ex relatione Yapp [ 1921 ] whereby the High Court granted declaration that the council had acted unlawfully and Cooper v Wandsworth Board of Works ( 1863 ) 14 CB NS 180 that the council had acted below the belt and had failed to exert their statutory power legitimately. The Primary Purpose of Judicial Review The primary intent of judicial reappraisal was summarised by Lord Lindley MR in Roberts V Gwyrfai District Council [ 1899 ] 2 CH 608. 614: I know of no responsibility of the Court which is more of import to detect. and no power of the Court which is more of import to implement. than its power of maintaining public organic structures within their rights. The instant populace and authorities organic structures go beyond their constitutional rights they act so to damage and domination of private individuals. and those persons are allowed to be protected from injury originating from such operations of public bodies ( Sunstein. 2001 p47 ) In the instance of Council of Civil Service Unions v Minister for the Civil Service [ 1985 ] AC 374 ( GCHQ Case ) . Lord Diplock observed that: The subject of every judicial reappraisal is judgement made by some individual or authorities organic structure whom I shall call the decision mker’ or else refusl by him to mke decision In latest old ages judicial reappraisal has extended to private organic structures which can be said to exert public map. R 5 City Panel of Takeover and Mergers. ex parte Datafin Ltd [ 1987 ] 2 QB 815Lord Diplock stated in the GCHQ instance. that three actions that give evidences for Judicial reappraisal are illegality. unreason and procedural improperness ( Merrill. 2001 ) . Illegality. for illustration authorities organic structure misinterpreting statute law Anismimic Ltd V Foreign Compensation [ 1969 ] 2 AC 147. or moving extremist vires ( moving beyond its prescribed power ) AG V Fulham Corporation instance. or doing judicial mistake of fact R V Secretary of State for Home Department. ex parte Khawaja [ 1984 ] AC 74. or unlawfully deputing power or shackling discretion Port of London Authority. ex parte Kynoch Ltd [ 1919 ] 1 KB 176 or where power is exercised by person who does non run into the makings laid down in the granting of power. the act must be considered illegal. Entick v Carrington ( 1765 ) 19 ST Tr 1030 and Allingham v The Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries [ 1948 ] 1 All ER 780. In Vine v The National Dock Labour Board [ 1957 ] AC 488 Lord Somervell of Harrow said that in make up ones minding whether there is such power. two factors have to be considered the nature of power and the character of the personIrrationality. the determination of public organic structure is irrational if it is so unreasonable that no sensible organic structure could hold come to the decision Associated Provincial Picture Houses Ltd v Wednesbury Corp [ 1948 ] 1 KB 223 or so hideous in its rebelliousness of logic or recognized moral criterions that no reasonable individual who applied his head to the inquiry could hold arrived at the decision’ Lord Diplock GCHQ instance. Unreasonableness includes moving for improper motivations. neglecting to take history of relevant considerations. neglecting to esteem the demands of natural justness and shackling discretion by following stiff policy. With unreason the tribunals have moved on from reexamining the processs by which determination has been made and proving its legality to replacing the court’s ain position on the virtues of the decisionThe criterion of rationality imposed by the tribunals is high. If the criterion were excessively low it would intend that judicial discretion was being substituted for administrative discretion ( Merrill. 2001 ) . However. the protection of human rights has allowed the tribunals to utilize legal power to use stricter trial than in other Wednesbury instances. R V Lord Saville of Newdigate ex parte Brind ( no 2 ) [ 1991 ] 1 All ER 720 ( Merrill. 2001 ) .

Alcohol Use Disorder

Diagnosis The DSM-IV-TR classifies drug disorders into substance use disorders (substance dependence and abuse) and substance-induced disorders (substance intoxication, substance withdrawal, induced delirium, anxiety, depression, psychosis and mood disorders). Sometimes it is difficult assessing patient’s psychiatric complaints because heavy drinking is associated with alcoholism can co-exist with, contribute to or result from several different psychiatric syndromes. (Shivani, Goldsmith Anthenelli, 2002) In order to improve diagnostic accuracy, distinguishes among alcohol-related psychiatric symptoms and signs, alcohol-induced psychiatric syndromes and independent psychiatric disorders that are commonly associated with alcoholism emerges to be essential. Patients’ gender, family history, and course of illness over time also should be taken into account. Alcohol-related psychiatric symptoms and signs Heavy alcohol consumption directly affects brain function and brain chemical and hormonal systems known to be involved in many common mental disorders thus can manifest itself in a broad range of psychiatric symptoms and signs. (Koob, 2000) And this usually the first problem which brings the patients seek help. The symptoms vary depending on the amount of alcohol used, how long it is used and how recently it was used as well as patient’s vulnerability to experiencing psychiatric symptoms in the setting of consumption. For example, during intoxication, smaller amount alcohol may produce euphoria whereas larger amount may produce more dramatic changes in mood. Alcohol also impairs judgment and aggressive, antisocial behaviours that may mimic certain externalizing disorders such as ASPD. Alcohol-induced psychiatric syndromes The essential feature of alcohol-induced psychiatric syndromes is the presence of prominent and persistent symptoms, which are judged- based on their onset and course as well as on the patient’s history, physical exam, and laboratory findings to be the result of the direct physiological effects of alcohol. Given the broad range of effects of heavy drinking may have on psychological functioning, these alcohol-induced disorders span several categories of mental disorders, including mood, anxiety, psychotic, sleep, sexual, delirious, amnestic and dementia disorders. Alcoholism with comorbid, independent psychiatric disorders Alcoholism is also associated with several psychiatric disorders that develop independently of the alcoholism and may precede alcohol use and abuse. One of the most common of these comorbid conditions is ASPD, and axis II personality disorder marked by a longstanding pattern of irresponsibility and violating the rights of others with alcohol. (Stinson et al. , 2006) Assessment The three major purposes for a comprehensive assessment are to determine a diagnosis, devise a treatment plan and to make appropriate referrals. The assessment should provide a clinical picture of the client’s personal level of functioning, history, presenting problems, family and social context in the client’s life. It is very important that the assessment process requires the gathering of comprehensive, accurate information, for a valid diagnosis and appropriate treatment. – It is vital that the counsellor needs to collect valid and reliable information. Both formal diagnosis, as listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (APA, 1994) and informal diagnosis, if the client has had therapy in the past can be made. – Comprehensive assessment is essential in designing a treatment plan. The more information provided concerning the etiology, functioning level and prognosis of the problem, the better the treatment plan. – Comprehensive assessment also provides information in order to made appropriate referral. The counsellor may decide to provide treatment solely or in conjunction with some other drug treatment specialists. Generally there are three categories of assessment measures: subjective data and physiological data. -Subjective data To collect information of demographics, family and living situations, mployment, education, drinking history (including development of the drinking problem and current drinking) and the effects on the subject’s cognitive, psychosocial, behavioural and physiological functioning. (Aalto Seppa, 2005) For example, some questionnaires focus on problems caused by alcohol consumption, the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) (Saunders, Aasland, Babor, de le Fuente, Grant, 1993) There are ones with diaries focussing on the quantification of alcohol consumption, such as quantity-frequency, time-period or time-line follow-back methods. Webb et al. , 1990) More recently, a low level of response (LR) to alcohol (the need for higher amounts to have an effect) is a genetically influenced characteristic that is both found in populations at high risk for future alcoholism and that predicts alcohol related life problems in future. This Self-Rating of the Effects of Alcohol (SRE) questionnaire asks for estimate of number of drinks required to produce each of four effects at different times in their lives. Miller, Thomas, Mallin, 2006) In addition, the survey included the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-C (AUDIT-C), a three-question alcohol screening test adapted from the original AUDIT developed by the World Health Organization for use in primary health care. The AUDIT-C is a simple, reliable screening tool that focuses on the frequency of drinking, quantify consumed on the typical occasion and the frequency of heavy episode drinking. (Bush, Kivlahan, McDonnell, al. , 1998) Again, there is no such perfect measure that SRE was found to be biased and not able to identify high functioning middle-age women. Schuckit, Smith, Danko, Isacescu, 2003) The difficulty with these specific questionnaires is that people who drink alcohol in general tend to neglect or underestimate their alcohol consumption. (Koch et al. , 2004) The accuracy of these measures is based on the patient’s awareness of and willingness to acknowledge his or her pattern and level of alcohol use as well as negative effects of drinking. At least some individuals who drink excessively will fail to do this. (Allen Litten, 2001) – Physiological data Comparing to subjective data, physiological data can overcome the subjectivity, underestimation in particular thus provides more precise and objective information about the drinking issue. It includes general medical and psychiatric history and examination. This is conducted through screening of blood, breath or urine for alcohol used, further on laboratory tests for abnormalities that may be accompanied acute or chronic alcohol use such as gamma-glutamy-transferase (GGT) or mean corpuscular volume (MCV), a measure of the average size of red blood cells. These may also be used during treatment for potential relapse. GGT is the most commonly used biochemical measure of drinking. However, it is not clear how much drinking is actually needed to cause GGT levels to elevate. And MCV tends to miss more alcoholics than GGT as MCV may be elevated by a variety of conditions other than heavy drinking such as non-alcoholic liver disease, smoking, advanced age or use of anticonvulsants etc. Thus applying the usual cut-off points for these tests, GGT turns out to have a low specificity whereas MCV shows a low sensitivity. This may lead to a gross misunderstanding with the patient and unnecessary further testing. Carbohydrate deficient transferring (CDT) has been recently approved as a marker for identification of individuals with alcohol problems as well as an aid in recognizing if alcoholic patients in treatment have relapsed. CDT and GGT appear to validly detect somewhat different groups of people with alcohol problems. GGT may best pick up those with liver damage due to drinking, whereas CDT seems to be related to level of consumption with or without liver damage. It should be kept in mind that biomarkers do not identify women or adolescents with alcohol problems as they do for male or adults in general. (Similarly, self-report screening tests are also generally less able to detect alcohol problems) (Allen Litten, 2001) Previous studies showed that over 80% of internists and family clinicians report that they usually or always ask new outpatients whether they drink alcohol. Less than 20% of primary care physicians routinely use validated self-report alcohol screening instruments (e. g. CAGE questions or AUDIT) Fewer than half ask about maximum alcohol consumption on one occasion. Alcohol biomarker laboratory tests are rarely used. Reasons given by clinicians for not following recommended alcohol screening guidelines range from lack of time, to insufficient knowledge and skills, to pessimistic attitudes about the ultimate benefits of screening. A current study conducted by Miller, et al. , (2004), they found that approximately 60% of clinicians surveyed frequently screen patients for alcohol use with quantity/frequency and CAGE questions. This is comparable to the incidence of screening found in previous studies. (Miller, Ornstein, Nietert, Anton, 2004)Miller, et al. 2006) further found that over 90% of patients were in favour of screening and guidance about alcohol use and very positive about the use of biological alcohol markers. These findings suggest that physicians and clinicians may be convinced that patients are open to alcohol screening and would not be offended by it. Heavy drinkers may have more of a tendency to be embarrassed by such questions but there is no evidence they would be object to screening. The majority of patients would also be willing to receive alcohol biomarker blood tests, if their physicians and clinicians deemed such tests necessary. Alcohol Use Disorder Diagnosis The DSM-IV-TR classifies drug disorders into substance use disorders (substance dependence and abuse) and substance-induced disorders (substance intoxication, substance withdrawal, induced delirium, anxiety, depression, psychosis and mood disorders). Sometimes it is difficult assessing patient’s psychiatric complaints because heavy drinking is associated with alcoholism can co-exist with, contribute to or result from several different psychiatric syndromes. (Shivani, Goldsmith Anthenelli, 2002) In order to improve diagnostic accuracy, distinguishes among alcohol-related psychiatric symptoms and signs, alcohol-induced psychiatric syndromes and independent psychiatric disorders that are commonly associated with alcoholism emerges to be essential. Patients’ gender, family history, and course of illness over time also should be taken into account. Alcohol-related psychiatric symptoms and signs Heavy alcohol consumption directly affects brain function and brain chemical and hormonal systems known to be involved in many common mental disorders thus can manifest itself in a broad range of psychiatric symptoms and signs. (Koob, 2000) And this usually the first problem which brings the patients seek help. The symptoms vary depending on the amount of alcohol used, how long it is used and how recently it was used as well as patient’s vulnerability to experiencing psychiatric symptoms in the setting of consumption. For example, during intoxication, smaller amount alcohol may produce euphoria whereas larger amount may produce more dramatic changes in mood. Alcohol also impairs judgment and aggressive, antisocial behaviours that may mimic certain externalizing disorders such as ASPD. Alcohol-induced psychiatric syndromes The essential feature of alcohol-induced psychiatric syndromes is the presence of prominent and persistent symptoms, which are judged- based on their onset and course as well as on the patient’s history, physical exam, and laboratory findings to be the result of the direct physiological effects of alcohol. Given the broad range of effects of heavy drinking may have on psychological functioning, these alcohol-induced disorders span several categories of mental disorders, including mood, anxiety, psychotic, sleep, sexual, delirious, amnestic and dementia disorders. Alcoholism with comorbid, independent psychiatric disorders Alcoholism is also associated with several psychiatric disorders that develop independently of the alcoholism and may precede alcohol use and abuse. One of the most common of these comorbid conditions is ASPD, and axis II personality disorder marked by a longstanding pattern of irresponsibility and violating the rights of others with alcohol. (Stinson et al. , 2006) Assessment The three major purposes for a comprehensive assessment are to determine a diagnosis, devise a treatment plan and to make appropriate referrals. The assessment should provide a clinical picture of the client’s personal level of functioning, history, presenting problems, family and social context in the client’s life. It is very important that the assessment process requires the gathering of comprehensive, accurate information, for a valid diagnosis and appropriate treatment. – It is vital that the counsellor needs to collect valid and reliable information. Both formal diagnosis, as listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (APA, 1994) and informal diagnosis, if the client has had therapy in the past can be made. – Comprehensive assessment is essential in designing a treatment plan. The more information provided concerning the etiology, functioning level and prognosis of the problem, the better the treatment plan. – Comprehensive assessment also provides information in order to made appropriate referral. The counsellor may decide to provide treatment solely or in conjunction with some other drug treatment specialists. Generally there are three categories of assessment measures: subjective data and physiological data. -Subjective data To collect information of demographics, family and living situations, mployment, education, drinking history (including development of the drinking problem and current drinking) and the effects on the subject’s cognitive, psychosocial, behavioural and physiological functioning. (Aalto Seppa, 2005) For example, some questionnaires focus on problems caused by alcohol consumption, the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) (Saunders, Aasland, Babor, de le Fuente, Grant, 1993) There are ones with diaries focussing on the quantification of alcohol consumption, such as quantity-frequency, time-period or time-line follow-back methods. Webb et al. , 1990) More recently, a low level of response (LR) to alcohol (the need for higher amounts to have an effect) is a genetically influenced characteristic that is both found in populations at high risk for future alcoholism and that predicts alcohol related life problems in future. This Self-Rating of the Effects of Alcohol (SRE) questionnaire asks for estimate of number of drinks required to produce each of four effects at different times in their lives. Miller, Thomas, Mallin, 2006) In addition, the survey included the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-C (AUDIT-C), a three-question alcohol screening test adapted from the original AUDIT developed by the World Health Organization for use in primary health care. The AUDIT-C is a simple, reliable screening tool that focuses on the frequency of drinking, quantify consumed on the typical occasion and the frequency of heavy episode drinking. (Bush, Kivlahan, McDonnell, al. , 1998) Again, there is no such perfect measure that SRE was found to be biased and not able to identify high functioning middle-age women. Schuckit, Smith, Danko, Isacescu, 2003) The difficulty with these specific questionnaires is that people who drink alcohol in general tend to neglect or underestimate their alcohol consumption. (Koch et al. , 2004) The accuracy of these measures is based on the patient’s awareness of and willingness to acknowledge his or her pattern and level of alcohol use as well as negative effects of drinking. At least some individuals who drink excessively will fail to do this. (Allen Litten, 2001) – Physiological data Comparing to subjective data, physiological data can overcome the subjectivity, underestimation in particular thus provides more precise and objective information about the drinking issue. It includes general medical and psychiatric history and examination. This is conducted through screening of blood, breath or urine for alcohol used, further on laboratory tests for abnormalities that may be accompanied acute or chronic alcohol use such as gamma-glutamy-transferase (GGT) or mean corpuscular volume (MCV), a measure of the average size of red blood cells. These may also be used during treatment for potential relapse. GGT is the most commonly used biochemical measure of drinking. However, it is not clear how much drinking is actually needed to cause GGT levels to elevate. And MCV tends to miss more alcoholics than GGT as MCV may be elevated by a variety of conditions other than heavy drinking such as non-alcoholic liver disease, smoking, advanced age or use of anticonvulsants etc. Thus applying the usual cut-off points for these tests, GGT turns out to have a low specificity whereas MCV shows a low sensitivity. This may lead to a gross misunderstanding with the patient and unnecessary further testing. Carbohydrate deficient transferring (CDT) has been recently approved as a marker for identification of individuals with alcohol problems as well as an aid in recognizing if alcoholic patients in treatment have relapsed. CDT and GGT appear to validly detect somewhat different groups of people with alcohol problems. GGT may best pick up those with liver damage due to drinking, whereas CDT seems to be related to level of consumption with or without liver damage. It should be kept in mind that biomarkers do not identify women or adolescents with alcohol problems as they do for male or adults in general. (Similarly, self-report screening tests are also generally less able to detect alcohol problems) (Allen Litten, 2001) Previous studies showed that over 80% of internists and family clinicians report that they usually or always ask new outpatients whether they drink alcohol. Less than 20% of primary care physicians routinely use validated self-report alcohol screening instruments (e. g. CAGE questions or AUDIT) Fewer than half ask about maximum alcohol consumption on one occasion. Alcohol biomarker laboratory tests are rarely used. Reasons given by clinicians for not following recommended alcohol screening guidelines range from lack of time, to insufficient knowledge and skills, to pessimistic attitudes about the ultimate benefits of screening. A current study conducted by Miller, et al. , (2004), they found that approximately 60% of clinicians surveyed frequently screen patients for alcohol use with quantity/frequency and CAGE questions. This is comparable to the incidence of screening found in previous studies. (Miller, Ornstein, Nietert, Anton, 2004)Miller, et al. 2006) further found that over 90% of patients were in favour of screening and guidance about alcohol use and very positive about the use of biological alcohol markers. These findings suggest that physicians and clinicians may be convinced that patients are open to alcohol screening and would not be offended by it. Heavy drinkers may have more of a tendency to be embarrassed by such questions but there is no evidence they would be object to screening. The majority of patients would also be willing to receive alcohol biomarker blood tests, if their physicians and clinicians deemed such tests necessary.

Literary Analysis Paper From Historical Perspective Essay

Literary Analysis Paper From Historical Perspective - Essay Example Isolation is the theme of this poem, it explores the relationship that exists between two neighbors, the dark-age mentality of one neighbor speaks volumes about his nature and attitude, even these days there are several people who prefer living in complete isolation. Stopping by the woods on a snowy evening was written by Robert Frost in the year 1922, the main theme of this poem is beauty, the poet over and over again tries to highlight the beauty of nature. Words like â€Å"lovely† â€Å"dark† and â€Å"deep† clearly signify that the poet is truly captivated by the beauty of nature. The poet has tried to convey his thoughts by clearly saying that people have too much to do these days, they have no time to enjoy the beauty of nature, and they have no time to appreciate the beauty of nature. â€Å"But I have promises to keep† (Stopping by the Woods) the poet clearly has to move on and keep his promises rather than sit there all day long and enjoy the beaut y of nature. References Frost, Robert (2011). Mending Wall, Poets & Poetry. Retrieved from http://www.poets.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/15719 Frost, Robert (2011). Stopping by the Woods on a Snowy Evening. Retrieved from http://www.ketzle.com/frost/snowyeve.htm

Total Reward Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Total Reward - Essay Example Moreover, employees are expecting limited working hours so that their personal lives are given equal attention. Organizations need to react to the growing expectations of the young work force. (Burke & Cooper, 2006) We find that there are three main drivers which bring about change in the workforce – Demographic changes, technological changes, and globalization. (Foot & Stoffman, 1998) The labor pool has shrunk because of the lower birth rates and aging workforce. The kind of workforce we have today would be different ten years hence. Their values, demands and characteristics would differ considerably. Hence, there is a need for change in policies concerning retirement. The second driver is technology. It is vital for organizations to be in par with ever growing technology, which would require workers to keep up with the advanced technology. Third factor, globalization, has brought new opportunities for both organizations as well as workforce. Now organizations can utilize the untapped potential of global workforce to match the increase in competition. Multinationals expanding globally has difficulty managing their subsidiaries. (Edwards & Rees, 2006) Hence, there is a need for greater commitment from the existing staff and to attract quality staff into the organization. Companies wants to hire the most talented and skilled workforce across the globe to stay one step ahead in the competitive world. Total reward system can help us address the above issues and help companies to grow. Total reward includes all possible types of rewards. It may be direct or indirect, intrinsic or extrinsic or both. They can be monetary as well as non-monetary as compensation to the employees for their services. Employees are rewarded so as to attract them into joining the organization, to motivate them for achievement of the organizational goals or to retain or employees. One needs to ensure that there is a balance between the needs

The Matrix Revolutions :: essays research papers

Neo was last found unconscious in the Real World, where his mind has been, in the Matrix World, captured by the Merovingian and taken to a Limbo state-of-mind, between the Real World and the Matrix World. He confronts a program that speaks only of love and religion, something that Neo realizes has never been the case before with a program. He stated that he went back to the Matrix to rescue his daughter, Sati (the last exile before the war between Man and Machine was going to start and end). Based on his karma, he was supposed to return to his world and leave Sati with the Oracle. Trinity and Morpheus were last seen left on the Hammer, one of the ships that were escorted from Zion in search of the Nebuchadneezer (Morpheus' ship), which had just recently exploded. They receive a call from Seraph, and they must meet the Oracle at once. The Oracle is now a different person (Mary Alice has taken the role of the Oracle since the great Gloria Foster had passed away during the production of this movie), yet her link as the Oracle in the Matrix is still very well the same. The movie explains that because of her choice to help Neo and the others, there was a consequence. The Oracle let them know where to find Neo, and he's been held as a prisoner in the Limbo state by the Merovingian. After a brutal attack at a rave party, Neo is rescued, and asked to see the Oracle before all time ran out. The rest of the movie concerns on Neo's quest to the Machine City (because he beleives that's where he needs to go to end this war), and the rest is basically the war; Zion vs Sentinals. It is a brutal battle, where the Sentinals basically slaughter most of Zion's bottleneck warhouse before a final dig into Zion's mainframe, when Neo confronts the Deus

Relationship between Psychological Properties and Physical Properties According to Physicalism Essay

Physicalism refers to a stand by some philosophers that everything in the world is physical. Physicalism in some cases is referred to as materialism, where everything is viewed to have physical properties. With respect to philosophy, Physicalism is the ontological point of view that there is nothing above and over the physical. Physicalists view the nature or the world as one and believe that everything including mind has physical properties and thus it is physical. In the attempt to prove their view of the world, Physicalists has come up with diverse explanation to bring out the relationship that exists between different aspects of nature including psychological states and properties. To understand the relationship between physical properties and mental properties, realization, reductive and supervenience ideas have been used by the physicalists. However, critics argue that physicalism is a false view of nature. This research paper will seek to determine the relationship that exists between psychological states or properties and physical properties according to Physicalism. In addition, the paper will bring into light reasons behind this relationship. Relationship between psychological properties and physical properties according to PhysicalismIn the attempt to bring out the relationship between the physical properties and psychological properties, philosophers such as Lewis used supervenience approach. This approach is simply based on meta-ethics and indicates that physical properties and mental properties are closely related due to the fact that psychological properties are part of the physical properties (Daniel, 2010). In other words, philosophers assert that psychological properties such as thinking are enclosed by physical properties. To make the argument certain, philosophers such as Lewis give an example where he refers dots on a picture as physical properties and claims that the picture is like the global features or the world. The same way he affirms that psychological properties and other properties including biological properties are like dots on the global features. Supervenience idea of the explaining physicalism ass erts that psychological properties are nothing but simply physical properties (Kim, 2008). Psychological or mental properties such as pain are viewed as physical according to physicalists as they believe that the physical aspect of pain is casually closed by the major physical properties. According to Kim, (2008), supervenience tries to bring out the identical aspect between the physical properties and psychological properties. The fact that psychological or mental properties are part of physical properties indicates similarity according to the physicalists (Daniel, 2010). This is particularly supported by the general view of physicalism that the world is a single stuff. According to the physicalists, mental or psychological properties are dependant to physical properties and thus there can not be physical difference without psychological difference. Simply, psychological properties supervene on material properties and thus they are just but the same thing. According to Physicalism, physical properties can be reduced to mental or psychological properties. The notion of reductive by the physicalism brings out the relationship between mental properties and physical properties (Kim, 2008). Essentially, physicalists use reductive idea to ascertain their idea that the world is made of a single stuff that is physical properties only. Physicalism philosophers affirms that there is a close relationship between physical properties and psychological or mental properties particularly basing their argument that mental properties are smaller components of physical properties and thus are physical properties. Realization theory is another approach used by the physicalism to bring out possible relations between psychological or mental properties and physical properties (Daniel, 2010). Based on this theory, all psychological properties can be realized through a particular physical basis (Kim, 2008). In a philosophical perspective, physicalists argue that all physical properties or predicates can be traced or are definable in physical language. This implies that there is a close relation between the two and according to physicalism they are inseparable (Daniel, 2010). Physicalists affirms that the fact that physical properties can be reduced to mental or psychological properties implies that the two are identical and simply has a close relationship. Physicalism believes that everything inside the world has physical properties and the world itself is a physical thing in its own nature. The developed understanding from this argument is that everything considered as physical thing has its own physical properties which in reality has its own psychological properties. This claim can be explained further by application of ontological perspective which involves both methodological and epistemological corollaries. According to the Physicalists, every object in the world is composed of different material which in reality encompasses different physical properties (Kim, 2011). Therefore, physical properties exhibit different properties such as mass, shape volume, energy, temperature and volume among others. In reference to the reductive physicalism, objects with high levels of properties are more reducible hence there is a high chance that they have physical properties. Jackson (2002) affirms that physicalism is more dependent on philosoph ical position which presents a myth that everything that exists in the earth has physical properties. From this explanation the understanding developed is that physicalism is closely associated with philosophy of mind which extensively believes that mind is a physical object which can be viewed at different perspectives (Kim, 2011). In reference to physical science point of view, physicalism includes bigger notations as opposed to just matter, space energy and time. The mind being in a form of a physical world, it is closely associated with non reductive physicalism. Fodor in his own research argues that physicalism is dependent will all genuine items which can be referred to either identical or are dependent upon other physical properties (Clarke, 2003). In order to accept these believe of physicalism, it vital to understand how it is related with mind dualism rejection. According to Fodor, â€Å"mentalism† is the best alternative of the dualism. Basically, physicalism believes that the concept of the consciousness is entirely dependent of the physical properties (Clarke, 2003). The state of the mind is a functional that exists in a given system. In relation to the theory of functionalism, brain is extensively believed to be a just biological implementation in a given system. The general understanding it , that the brain has capacity to recognize any change in mental status. Dualism theory is quite different from physicalism because it argues that consciousness is not related to the physical. According to Savellos and YalcÃŒ §in, (1995), panpsychism theory explains that all items which contain aspects of reality within themselves have psychological properties in additional to their physical properties. Critics argue that hardcore physicalists are more concerned to investigate the structure of the outer world in the bid of trying to understand the build relationship between the physical properties and psychological properties. Ultimately, the physical properties and mental are two distinctive area but they are contingently connected with each other. Philosophically, mind is believed to be dependent on the physical properties. Therefore, based with the explanation of the physicalism the empirical world is composed of all properties or entities which have effects of causes. Notably, both mental facts and physical have a close relationship with physicalism in relation to mental effects and causes. According to many physicalists the world in general is a physical hence everyth ing in it have its own physical properties. When reviewing the world at a supervenience base, it helps to reflect the general thinking of the physicalists. This implies that the relationship between of fundamental physical properties and psychological properties are closely dependent on each other as per the explanation of Physicalism (Clarke, 2003). The two features have the common bond of metaphysics because they are depending on certain established physical facts. Conclusion                     From the above discussion, it is evident that Physicalism extensively refers to a developed understanding by some philosophers who believe that everything in the world is physical hence have its own physical properties. In addition, Physicalism can also be referred to as materialism, where everything is viewed to have physical properties. Psychological or mental properties such as pain are viewed as physical according to physicalists as they believe that the physical aspect of pain is casually closed by the major physical properties. Therefore, this is an indication that the state of the mind is a functional that exists in a given system. References Clarke, R. (2003). Libertarian accounts of free will. Oxford [u.a.: Oxford University Press. Daniel .S. (2010). Physicalism, New Problems of Philosophy. RoutledgeJackson, F. (2002). Mind, Method and Conditionals: Selected Papers. Routledge, 2002 Kim, J. (2008). Physicalism, or Something Near Enough. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Kim, J. (2011). Philosophy of Mind. ReadHowYouWant.com, Limited, 2011 Savellos, E. E., & YalcÃŒ §in, U. D. (1995). Supervenience: New essays. Cambridge [England: Cambridge University Press. Source document

Population Based Cancer Database By National Cancer Institute

The SEER is a population-based cancer database by National Cancer Institute. The SEER 13 represents approximately 14% of the population of the United States and includes 13 cancer registries - San Francisco-Oakland, Connecticut, Detroit, Hawaii, Iowa, New Mexico, Seattle (Puget Sound region), Utah, Atlanta, San Jose-Monterey, Los Angles, Alaska Natives, and rural Georgia. High quality data are collected from hospitals and cancer treatment centers. The database includes primary tumor site, staging, patient demographics, treatment modality and survival statistics (10). We selected adult patients (≠¥ 18 years) diagnosed with first primary HCC between January 1992 and December 2011. We excluded cases diagnosed at autopsy and those lost to†¦show more content†¦Results: A total of 15,296 patients diagnosed with primary HCC met the study criteria. Majority of the patients were men (74.47%) and belonged to the Caucacian race (58.57%). Median age at the time of diagnosis was 66.16 years (range: 42.33 - 95.5 years). Detailed patient demographics are presented in Table 1. The median follow-up duration was 28 months (range: 6 - 18.5 years). A total of 446 (2.83%) patients developed 466 SPM with observed/expected (O/E) ratio of 1.07 (95% CI= 0.97-1.17) and AER of 7.17 per 10,000 population, p = 0.16. These patients had significant excess risk of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and several solid tumors including cancers of head and neck, lung, thyroid, adrenal glands, stomach, anus and hepatobiliary region. Interestingly, there was significantly decreased risk of prostate cancer among HCC patients compared to general population. Younger patients (aged 60 years) had increased risk of malignancies of oropharynx (O/E ratio of 4.18, CI = 2.23 - 7.15, p=.01; AER 7.15), lung and bronchus (O/E ratio of 3.03, CI=1.9 - 4.58, p= 0.01; AER 11.6), hepatobiliary system (O/E ratio 4.35, CI=2.32-7.44, p=.01; AER 7.8), small intestine (O/E ratio of 8.11, CI=1.67-23.1, p=.01; AER 2.07), non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (O/E ratio of 4.44, CI 2.43-7.44, p=.01; AER 8.53.) Among older patients (Age ≠¥ 60 years), there was increased risk of cancers of oropharynx (O/E ratio 1.7, CI